Kuopsa kwanyengo kukukula ku Myanmar ‘yosatetezeka’ pambuyo pa kulanda boma | Nkhani Zavuto Lanyengo

Yangon/Taipei – Pali nkhawa yochulukirapo kuti dziko la Myanmar lili pachiwopsezo cha vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe, popeza akuluakulu aboma omwe adalanda mphamvu pa February 1 amayang’ana kwambiri kulimbitsa ulamuliro wawo ndikukweza malingaliro awo powonjezera mfundo zopindulitsa koma zowononga zogwiritsa ntchito dzikolo. chuma chachilengedwe.

Global Climate Risk Index imayika dziko la Myanmar pakati pa mayiko omwe ali pachiwopsezo chazovuta zanyengo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi kusefukira kwamadzi komanso kusefukira kwa nthaka komanso chilala, chomwe chikukulirakulira chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamitengo kosalamulirika komanso migodi ya mchere ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali.

Pazaka 20 zapitazi, dziko la Southeast Asia lawonongeka kwambiri ndi nyengo limodzi ndi Puerto Rico ndi Haiti.

Koma zoyesayesa zoyeserera mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso komanso kukulitsa kulimba kwa nyengo pansi pa boma la Aung San Suu Kyi zasokonekera kuyambira pomwe asitikali adalanda utsogoleri wawo wosankhidwa ndi National League for Democracy pa February 1, kuyimitsa mapulogalamu othandizira ndikupangitsa kuti osunga ndalama aziyimitsa.

Madivelopa omwe adapatsidwa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa chaka chatha – opitilira 1GW kapena gawo limodzi mwamagawo atatu a nyengo yowuma yomwe ilipo ku Myanmar ya 3.1GW – sanathe kupereka, mwa zina chifukwa cha kulanda.

Asitikali m’mwezi wa Meyi adayambitsa ukadaulo wawo wamagetsi adzuwa koma adakakamizika kukulitsa nthawi yofikira katatu chifukwa chosowa otsatsa. Tsiku lomaliza lapita pakati pa Okutobala koma palibe zotsatira zaboma zomwe zalengezedwa mpaka pano.

Zovuta zomwe makampani opanga magetsi oyendera dzuwa akukumana nazo zikuwonetsa chiwopsezo chokulirapo cha Myanmar kusowa mwayi wopeza ndalama zanyengo pambuyo pa kulanda.

“Pali mapulojekiti abwino omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ku Myanmar omwe angalimbikitse kupirira kwanyengo monga kubzala nkhalango zachilengedwe komanso ntchito zongowonjezera mphamvu,” atero a Vicky Bowman, mkulu wa Myanmar Center for Responsible Business yochokera ku Yangon komanso kazembe wakale waku Britain ku Myanmar. “Koma ogwira nawo ntchito zachitukuko akuwoneka kuti akuzizira kuyambira pomwe adagwa, ndipo osunga ndalama m’mabizinesi awo akuwona kuti dziko la Myanmar lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndikuyang’ana njira zina kumwera chakum’mawa kwa Asia, ngakhale kuti ndalama zoyendetsera nyengo zitha kukhala ndi zovuta zambiri monga Myanmar.”

Otsatsa akuyenera kuwona kuti pali mwayi wogwirira ntchito ndi anthu am’deralo ndi makampani kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zachilengedwe komanso kupirira nyengo, Bowman adauza Al Jazeera. “Kupanda kutero, anthu aku Myanmar akukumana ndi vuto laulamuliro wankhondo komanso kunyalanyazidwa kwa mayiko.”

Kusowa kwa Myanmar pazokambirana zapamwamba zanyengo padziko lonse lapansi COP26 ku Glasgow mwezi uno zikuwonetsa kudzipatula kwadziko lapansi komwe kumapangitsa dzikolo kudzipatula, komanso nkhondo yomwe ikupitilirabe yodziwika pakati pa atsogoleri achipongwe ndi National Unity Government (NUG), oyang’anira limodzi kuphatikiza akuluakulu aboma omwe adasankhidwa omwe adagwetsedwa.

Kudzipatula

Magulu a COP26, UK, adasiya Mtsogoleri wa Gulu Lankhondo a Min Aung Hlaing pamndandanda wa alendo, pomwe okonza mwambowu, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), adachotsa nthumwi za boma la Myanmar, malinga ndi magwero awiri omwe adakhudzidwa ndi nkhaniyi.

Chit Win, kazembe wamkulu wosankhidwa ndi asitikali ku London yemwe anali adathamangitsa kazembe wa boma yemwe adachotsedwa kuchokera ku kazembeyo pambuyo pa kulanda kwa February 1, adakwanitsa kulembetsa kwakanthawi patsamba lachiwonetsero ndi anzawo atatu. Koma adakanidwa kulowa ndipo adachotsedwa ntchito pambuyo potsutsana ndi anthu aku Myanmar.

Al Jazeera yawona makope a zopereka zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi dziko lonse (NDCs) – ndondomeko zoyendetsera nyengo ndi zolinga za ndondomeko – zomwe zinaperekedwa ndi NUG ndi State Administration Council, monga atsogoleri a zigawenga adatcha bungwe lawo lolamulira.

Ma NDC onsewa akuyerekeza momwe amachitira bizinesi monga mwachizolowezi (BAU) kuti malasha akhale pafupifupi 30 peresenti yamagetsi onse mdziko muno, zomwe ndi zomwe wachiwiri kwa Nduna ya Zamagetsi ku NLD Tun Naing adatsimikiziranso mu 2019.

Bungwe la NUG linanena kuti akufuna kuchepetsa gawo la malasha kuchoka pa 33 peresenti (pafupifupi 7940MW) kufika pakati pa 20 peresenti (3620MW) ndi 11 peresenti (2120MW) pofika 2030. SAC inaperekanso ziwerengero zomwezo.

Koma gawo la malasha la mphamvu zopangira magetsi pakali pano ndi locheperapo ndi 1 peresenti, nthawi 30 zocheperapo kusiyana ndi kuyerekezera kwapamwamba koperekedwa ndi NUG ndi SAC. Magwero akuti kusagwirizanaku kudachitika chifukwa cha zomwe opanga ena amalimbikitsa Myanmar kugwiritsa ntchito malasha ochulukirapo.

“Wachiwiri kwa nduna ya boma la NLD [Tun Naing] pa nthawiyo ankalimbikitsidwa ndi zofuna za malasha za ku Japan, China ndi India, zomwe sizikanakhalanso ndi chidwi pazifukwa za ndondomeko komanso chifukwa cha Myanmar pambuyo pa chiwembu,” gwero lamakampani ku Yangon linauza Al Jazeera.

Bungwe la NUG lati likukakamirabe NDC ya NLD yomwe idagwetsedwa ya COP26 chifukwa idawona kuti ili ndi zovomerezeka kuti boma lisankhidwe ndi anthu, malinga ndi akuluakulu awiri a Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Kuteteza zachilengedwe ku NUG omwe adapempha kuti asatchulidwe. ku zifukwa zachitetezo.

“Poganizira zovomerezeka zomwe anthu aku Myanmar adapereka kwa akuluakulu omwe adachotsedwa, ife [NUG] adapereka NDC ya boma la NLD ku COP26, “atero mkulu wa Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Kuteteza zachilengedwe ku NUG.

Mkulu wina wa NUG adati sipanakhale nthawi yokwanira kuti akonzenso NDC.

“Talandira ndemanga zochokera kwa anthu amtundu wa Edzi ndipo tiganizira zomwe anena pamene tikukonzanso bungwe la NDC,” adatero mkuluyo atafunsidwa za udindo wa anthu amitundu poteteza nkhalango.

Wachiwiri kwa Mtumiki wa Zamagetsi ndi Mphamvu wa NUG, Maw Htun Aung, adavomereza zotsutsazo ndipo adanena kuti ndondomeko ya malasha “idzaganiziridwanso” ndipo ndondomeko yamphamvu yamagetsi ikuwunikiridwa, ngakhale kuti panopa ndi SAC osati NUG yomwe ili mumzinda wa Naypyidaw.

“Sizomveka kuyang’ana kwambiri mphamvu ya malasha. Ngakhale China ikusiya kupereka ndalama za malasha. Sitikukonzekera kukulitsa ntchito zamakala, ndipo tigwira ntchito limodzi ndi anthu amitundu kuti alembe mfundo zamphamvu m’boma,” a Maw Htun Aung adauza Al Jazeera.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa boma chaka chatha, magetsi ku Myanmar amachokera kumalo opangira magetsi okwana 20, malo opangira magetsi okwana 62 ndi malo amodzi opangira malasha.

Kugwiritsa ntchito chuma

Kuwonjezera pa kuchepa kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kake, anthu okhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe komanso ofufuza akuwopa kuti asilikali adzakulitsa mitengo, malonda a teak, minda yamafuta a kanjedza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe monga jade, kuthandizidwa kupulumuka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa maulamuliro ankhondo akale ngakhale pansi pa zilango za mayiko.

Akuluakulu ankhondo apindulanso kwanthawi yayitali ndikugulitsa miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndipo atolankhani akumaloko akuti chilungamo chamtengo wapatali chikuyenera kuchitika ku Naypyidaw mwezi uno.

Nduna ya zaulimi yosankhidwa ndi asitikali a Tin Htut Oo mu Novembala adalankhula zakukulitsa minda yamafuta a kanjedza, malinga ndi zomwe boma likuchita Global New Light of Myanmar. Pepala lovomerezeka linanena kuti “ntchito zikuyenda” kuti Chigawo cha Tanintharyi, dera lalikulu lakum’mwera kwa Myanmar kumalire ndi Nyanja ya Andaman ndi Thailand, “mphika waukulu wamafuta opangidwa ndi mafuta a kanjedza”.

Mary Callahan, katswiri wa ku Myanmar wa pa yunivesite ya Washington ku United States, ananena kuti mfundoyi ndi “yoopsa kwambiri pa zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang’ono kutha komanso zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang’ono kutha”. Kulimbikitsa minda yamafuta a kanjedza kungayambitse funde latsopano la kulanda nthaka komanso kudula mitengo yambiri, adauza Al Jazeera.

Patatha milungu ingapo atalanda mphamvu ndikumanga Aung San Suu Kyi ndi anzake, Min Aung Hlaing adanenanso za kupanga madamu opangira magetsi.

Pamene osunga ndalama akunja akuchoka, akatswiri akuda nkhawa kuti asitikali awonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe monga matabwa, zomwe zidathandizira maboma ankhondo am’mbuyomu poyang’anizana ndi zilango zapadziko lonse lapansi. [File: Soe Zeya Tun/Reuters]

Dziko la Myanmar lili ndi malo olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi a jade ndipo makampaniwa amalamulidwa ndi asitikali [File: Soe Zeya Tun/Reuters]

Izi zadzetsa mantha kuti asitikali atha kuganiza zoyambitsanso Damu la Myitsone lomwe lili ndi vuto la China kumpoto kwa Myanmar, pulojekiti yachiweto ya munthu wakale wamphamvu Than Shwe yomwe idaimitsidwa ndi Purezidenti wakale Thein Sein mu 2011 pamaso pa zionetsero zazikulu za anthu. Akuluakuluwa sanatchulepo za Myitsone.

“Tili ndi nkhawa kuti asitikali abwereranso ku mfundo zakale monga mphamvu zamagetsi zazikulu, zomwe zitha kubweretsa tsoka pamitsinje ikuluikulu iwiri mdziko muno – Ayeyarwady ndi Thanlwin – mitsinje ikuluikulu iwiri yomaliza yotsala yopanda madzi ku Asia,” adatero mkulu wina wogwira ntchito ku bungwe loyang’anira zachilengedwe lomwe likugwira ntchito ku Myanmar, yemwe anakana kutchulidwa chifukwa cha chitetezo.

Mafuko a m’malire, m’mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m’madera amapiri akhudzidwanso ndi kuopsa kwa nyengo.

“N’zoona kuti tikuda nkhawa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Tikugwira ntchito yosamalira nkhalango ndi nyengo,” adatero mkulu wina wa gulu lankhondo kumpoto kwa Myanmar, yemwe anakana kuzindikirika chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa nkhaniyi. Ngakhale kuti madera ambiri omwe amalamulidwa ndi gulu lake ndi amapiri komanso otetezedwa ku kusefukira kwa madzi, masoka ena obwera chifukwa cha nyengo monga mvula yamkuntho, chilala ndi kugumuka kwa nthaka kumakhalabe chiopsezo kwa anthu ammudzi. Chiyambire kulanda boma, gulu lake, lomwe lakhala likufuna kudzilamulira, layambiranso kumenyana ndi asilikali.

“Chifukwa cha chipwirikiti komanso mavuto azandale, zakhala zovuta kuthana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe. M’modzi, ochulukirachulukira osunga ndalama padziko lonse lapansi ndi othandizana nawo achoka ku Burma, “adatero. Chifukwa chachikulu, adawonjezeranso, ndikuti “mtsogoleri wankhondo waku Burma adalira zachilengedwe kuti athetse vuto lawo lazachuma. Osati izi zokha komanso maulamuliro otsatizana mu State Peace and Development Council yapitayi [SPDC] nthawi.”

SPDC linali dzina lovomerezeka la boma la asilikali lomwe linalanda ulamuliro mu 1988.

“Nkhalango zomwe zili m’malire olamulidwa ndi mafuko ndi otetezeka kwambiri kuposa omwe ali m’madera omwe ali ndi boma,” adatero wogwira ntchito ku bungwe la NGO zachilengedwe. “Kuti titeteze nkhalangozi, tikufunika mayiko oyandikana nawo komanso mabungwe azachuma monga ASEAN ndi EU kuti akhale tcheru ndi matabwa omwe amagulitsidwa mosaloledwa. Kuthana ndi zofuna ndikofunikira. ”

Komabe, m’mawu ake olembedwa ku COP26, nduna yosankhidwa ndi asitikali ya Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation a Khin Maung Yi adalonjeza kuti akwaniritsa kuchepetsa mpweya wa 50% pofika chaka cha 2030 “ngati thandizo lokwanira lapadziko lonse lilandilidwa”.

“Momwemonso, pofika chaka cha 2030, gawo lazolinga zatsopano zowonjezera mphamvu (dzuwa, mphepo) lidzawonjezeka kuchokera ku 2000MW kufika ku 3070MW,” Khin Maung Yi analemba.

Ochita ziwonetsero akuwotcha tchati cha zala zitatu ndi kuwotcha mbendera panthawi ya zionetsero zotsutsa kulanda boma ku Yangon pa November 24. Miyezi khumi kuchokera pamene chigamulochi chinachitika, akuluakulu a boma akutsutsabe mwamphamvu. [Stringer/EPA]

Koma bola ngati mavuto azandale akupitilirabe kutsika, thandizo lakunja kapena ndalama zomwe asitikali akubanki – kupatula China – zitha kubwera, malinga ndi akazembe ndi osunga ndalama ku Yangon.

Akatswiri amati kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe kumayambitsa umphawi ndikuwonjezera kusowa kwa chakudya, koma akuluakulu ankhondo amayang’ana kwambiri kuphwanya kulikonse kukana ulamuliro wawo, ndi ochepa omwe ali ndi chidaliro kuti adzakhala ndi chidwi chothana ndi vuto la nyengo ku Myanmar lomwe likubwera.