Stones of stone and the rocky outcrops of the southern Indonesian island of Sulawesi have the oldest of human art and myths, starting over 40,000 years. The paintings adorn the wall of at least 300 places in the karst mountains of Maros-Pangkep, and many expect to find them again. But archaeologists say that the earliest known fossil record is being broken.
“We have documented the reduction of hand-held measurements from archeology over a period of time (less than five months),” said archaeologist Rustan Lebe of Heritage’s Makassar department.
Offense with salt. As water flows through a rocky outcrop, it carries salt out of its nostrils, and the salt eventually builds up in the rocky shores. On top of rock formations, the salt is mixed with the hardest rock. Almost the oldest paintings in Maros-Pangkep – such as the oldest painting in the world depicting a real object – painted with purple or blue-purple on that solid rail. The stone is not resistant to most climates, which gives a solid layer of the oldest human paintings.
But on top of that, problems start. Flowing water puts salt in an empty space under the outer crust of the salt, and some of the salt seeps into the salt. As the tablets we make, grow, and shrink, we push out the limestone. Finally, a stone sheet from which people began to take pictures of their country 40,000 years ago fell into large bags.
In an effort to understand the magnitude of the problem and to confirm the presence of salt, Griffith University archaeologist Jillian Huntley and her colleagues found bribes on the walls and ceilings of 11 caves in the area, including Leang Timpuseng, the oldest record house. He found salts such as halite and calcium sulphate on the back of flakes from three places. And all 11 sites showed high levels of sulfur, which is a major factor in the high levels of destructive salt that is a concern for geologists.
Removing oil is not a new phenomenon, but archaeologists and archaeologists in Maros-Pangkep will see this phenomenon rapidly in the last few decades. Some of the locals who manage and protect the stone art gallery have done this for generations, and say that “the loss of more software in recent years than at any other time in history,” Huntley and his colleagues wrote.
It can’t happen by accident, according to Huntley and his colleagues.
Here’s how this works: hurricanes hit Indonesia and surrounding areas from November to March, leaving water in caves, rice paddies, and salt marshes off the coast. Water carries a large amount of dissolved salts and their salts — such as table salt or halite, as well as gypsum, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and calcium chloride.
As the water evaporates, the salts it deposits form into lumps, which rise and fall with changes in temperature and humidity. Some geological salts, such as those mentioned above, can grow up to three times their original size when burned, and they can be very hard on the surrounding rock. The effect is similar to that of glaciers that allow ice to break up rocks and concrete.
The whole cycle is extremely resilient and is characterized by high temperatures and the local climate becomes very wet until very dry for several months. And that’s how things are going in Indonesia when the weather is hot and the celestial weather is getting hotter and hotter. Extras over the last few decades, heavy flooding followed by periods of drought.
People wrestle, rocks split, and massive human connections fail.
“We are in a race against time,” said archaeologist Adhi Agus Oktaviana of the National Research Center for Archeology (ARKENAS) in Indonesia. “Our teams continue to focus on the area, and discover new skills every year. In general, the art is destructive and deteriorating.”
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