Zowopsa za Cybersecurity za Mikangano yaku Ukraine

Ngati simunamvepo, Ukraine ili m’mavuto: mkangano pakati pa magulu ankhondo aku Russia ndi NATO okhudzana ndi dzikolo wadzetsa mkangano wagawo womwe uli ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwa aliyense amene akukhudzidwa.

Anthu akunena izi zikhoza kutanthauza nkhondo. Vuto la ndale lalimbikitsa gulu lankhondo la Russia asilikali 100,000 kumalire a Ukraine – zomwe zidapangitsa kuti akuluakulu angapo aku US atanthauzire kuti boma la Putin liyenera kukhala pafupi akukonzekera kuwukira dziko loyandikana nalo. Pakadali pano, America yawopseza kuti ikulitsa kutengapo gawo ngati zinthu ziipiraipira.

Pakati pa chipwirikiti chonsechi, wina akhoza kuyesedwa kuti awone machitidwe a cyber ngati chinthu chongoganizira pambuyo pake, koma kwenikweni, kulowetsedwa kwa digito kukukhala gawo lovuta kwambiri la mikangano yandale. M’malo mwake, zochitika ngati izi zitha kukhala zowunikira zomwe zimalozera zomwe zikuchitika mbali ina – zabwino kapena zoyipa. Tikukupatsani chidule cha zomwe zikuchitika mderali, chifukwa chiyani zochitika zapaintaneti zimatha kukhala zoyipa, komanso zomwe zingatanthauze kukhazikika kwa zinthu zonse.

Ndi chiyani chomwe chikuchitika ku Ukraine pompano?

Choyamba, nchiyani kwenikweni chikuchitika? Ngakhale kufalitsa nkhani mosalekeza mwa fiasco yonseyi, Achimereka ambiri atha kudzifunsa kuti chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika poyambirira.

Yankho lalifupi ndi: NATO. Russia idafuna kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti Ukraine sidzaloledwa kumayiko ogwirizana ndi US, ku Europe chitetezo club, koma akuluakulu a ku America ndi ku Ukraine mpaka pano alephera kulonjeza zimenezo.

M’malo mwake, nkhani yakukhala membala wa Ukraine ku North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) yakhala yovuta kwazaka zambiri, kuyambira kale mpaka pano. kutha kwa Cold War: Sitifunikira kwenikweni kulowamo koma nthawi ina mzaka za Gorbachev, George HW Bush’s. mlembi wa boma James Baker adalonjeza kuti sadzakulitsa NATO m’malire a Russia … Lonjezo lolepherali ndichinthu chomwe atsogoleri aku Russia – makamaka a Putin – sanayiwale.

Vuto ndiloti NATO imawoneka ngati chida champhamvu zankhondo zaku US (inali adalengedwa ndipo ndi ogwira ntchito ndi Akuluakulu achitetezo aku America, pambuyo pake), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mamembala ake achuluke amitundu pafupi ndi malire a Russia zikuwoneka – kwa anthu aku Russia – ngati “kuzungulira,” ngati si kusokoneza kotheratu. Ukraine, ndiye dera lomwe kale linali Soviet Union, ndi mnansi wachindunji ku Russia ndipo mwina ayika zida zankhondo za NATO kumbuyo kwake. M’mbiri yakale, Ukraine ndiyenso vekitala yomwe Russia yavutikira mobwerezabwereza kuwukira kwakunja-kutanthauza kuti, mwaukadaulo, simalo abwino kwa iwo kulola mdani wawo wamkulu (America) kuti angocheza. Onjezani ku mfundo yomwe Pentagon pamwamba mkuwa ili nayo analankhula poyera za nkhondo ndi Russia ndipo muli ndi vuto lokhazikika.

Kuyambira cha m’ma 2014, chipwirikiti chomwe chikuchitika ku Ukraine – zambiri zomwe zakhudzana ndi mikangano pakati pa magulu ankhondo a Russia ndi NATO – zadzetsa chipwirikiti chandale mdziko muno, kuphatikiza Nkhondo ku Donbas ndi Russia kukhazikitsidwa kwa Crimea. Pakati pa mikangano yatsopano, Russia yatero adafuna zitsimikizo kuchokera ku NATO kuti Ukraine ndi Georgia, dziko lina loyandikana nalo, silidzapatsidwa umembala. Koma zokambirana zaposachedwa pakati pa akuluakulu aku Russia ndi akuluakulu aku America ndi Ukraine sizikuyenda bwino. Posachedwapa, Russia anafunsanso US kuti itulutse NATO ku mayiko oyandikana nawo a Bulgaria ndi Romania, komwe America inanena mwachiwonekere: Uh, eya, sitichita izi.

Pamene zokambirana zaukazembe zikulephereka, kulimbikitsa magulu ankhondo m’derali kwakula. Kusefukira kwa asitikali aku Russia kumalire akumana ndi mtsinje wofanana waku America manja ndi ndalama ku dziko losautsika. White House posachedwa adavomereza kusamutsa za zida zolimbana ndi zida zaku US ndi zida zankhondo ndi zida zochokera kumayiko angapo a Baltic ochezeka ndi NATO – ena $200 miliyoni mu thandizo “loopsa”.-ndi Purezidenti Biden wanenanso kuti US itumizanso asitikali ake owonjezera kum’mawa kwa Europe ngati Russia ingasankhe kuwukira dzikolo.

Momwe ma hackers alunjika ku Ukraine

Pamene mavuto onsewa akuchitika, gawo lalikulu la zomwe zachitika pakadali pano ndi machitidwe a cyber: kuchepa kwapang’onopang’ono kwa zochitika zokayikitsa zakuba zasokoneza Ukraine – zomwe zapangitsa ambiri kukhulupirira kuti Russia ikukonzekera china chake choyipa kwambiri.

Chizindikiro choyamba cha vuto chinachitika pafupifupi sabata yapitayo, pa Jan. 14, pamene magulu a mabungwe a boma la Ukraine adabedwa ndi kusokonezedwa. Zowukira idakhudza pafupifupi masamba 80 osiyanasiyana ndi kufalitsa uthenga wochititsa mantha, wolembedwa m’zinenero zosiyanasiyana: “Opani ndipo yembekezerani zoipa.” Ichi chinali chizindikiro chowopsa, ngakhale kuwononga mawonekedwe ndikoyenera kuukira kwa amateurish-ndipo othirira ndemanga ena amatanthauzira kuthyolako ngati njira yoyambira yowopseza.

Komabe, patangopita tsiku limodzi chiwonongekocho, zinthu zinakula. Pa Januware 15, zidanenedwa kuti pulogalamu yaumbanda yochotsa deta idayang’ana machitidwe amkati a “mabungwe ambiri” a boma la Ukraine, osachita phindu, komanso makampani a IT. Kuukiraku kudawonedwa koyamba ndi gulu lachitetezo la Microsoft, MSTIC, lomwe adafalitsa lipoti za izo sabata yatha. Malinga ndi ofufuza, pulogalamu yaumbandayo idapangidwa kuti iziwoneka ngati ya ransomware koma kwenikweni inali mtundu wapadera wa mapulogalamu “ofuna kuwononga komanso opangidwa kuti apangitse zida zomwe akuzifuna zisagwire ntchito.” Izi akuti zidawononga kwambiri mabungwe ambiri aboma.

Akuluakulu aku Ukraine ati ziwonetsero ziwirizi zikuwoneka kuti zidachitika “Coordinated” kuchitika pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo.

Russia yakana kuti ili ndi mlandu pazochitika zonsezi ndipo palibe umboni weniweni womwe waperekedwa womwe ungagwirizanitse dzikolo kuzinthu zoyipazi.

Komabe, akuluakulu aku Western akuwoneka kuti ali ndi chidaliro chonse kuti Russia ndiye wapalamula. Sikuti akuluakulu aku America adangoyang’ana boma la Putin, koma Sergei Demedyuk, wachiwiri kwa mlembi wa National Security and Defense Council ku Ukraine, adanena posachedwapa. kuyankhulana kuti akukhulupirira kuti defacement attack inali ntchito ya UNC1151-gulu la owononga lomwe limagwirizana ndi nzeru ku Belarus, lomwe ndi adazindikira mnzake waku Russia.

Mofananamo, Utumiki wa Digital Development ku Ukraine watero kuti “umboni wonse” ukulozera kuti Russia ndi yomwe idayambitsa kuwukira kwaposachedwa kwa pulogalamu yaumbanda pamaboma ake. “Moscow ikupitilizabe kumenya nkhondo yosakanizidwa ndipo ikupanga mwachangu zida zodziwitsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti,” bungweli lidatero. m’nkhani yaposachedwapa.

Zowukirazi, kuphatikizanso zonena kuti Russia ndiye kumbuyo kwawo, zakulitsa mikangano m’derali, ndikuwonjezera udani komanso mantha okhudza zomwe zichitike pambuyo pake.

Nkhondo yachidziwitso

Chinthu chinanso pavuto lomwe likubwera likukhudza ntchito zodziwitsa. Monga mabodza olimbikitsa pazama media komanso kusokoneza ma media zakhala zida zamphamvu kwambiri, akhalanso zida zowopsa kwa maboma panthawi yazandale ngati zomwe zikuchitika ku Ukraine.

Chifukwa chake, akuluakulu aku America achenjeza za zoyeserera zosiyanasiyana zaku Russia zopha anthu, zomwe akuti zikuyimira kuyesa kusuntha nkhani zankhondo zomwe zakhala zikuchitika ku Russia.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, Dipatimenti ya US Treasury posachedwapa kuloledwa mamembala awiri a Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Ukraine, Taras Kozak ndi Oleh Voloshyn, omwe adawatcha FSB “pawns” ndipo akuimbidwa mlandu “wokulitsa” zomwe US ​​imati ndi “nkhani zabodza” zokhudzana ndi kusamvana komwe kukuchitika. Andale, pamodzi ndi akuluakulu ena awiri omwe kale anali akuluakulu aboma, Volodymyr Oliynyk ndi Vladimir Sivkovich, adatchedwa gawo la chiwembu chofuna “kusokoneza” dziko lonse.

“Russia yalamula mabungwe ake azamisala kuti alembe akuluakulu aboma omwe alipo komanso akale a ku Ukraine kuti akonzekere kulanda boma la Ukraine ndikuwongolera zida zachitetezo ku Ukraine ndi gulu lankhondo laku Russia,” anachenjeza US Treasury, kunenanso kuti Kozak ndi Voloshyn akutsogolera ntchitoyi.

Mofananamo, US State Department nayenso posachedwapa perekani statement kutsutsa nkhani zomwe zalengezedwa ndi Russia chifukwa chake mkangano ukuchitikira pano.

“Mabungwe ankhondo aku Russia ndi azanzeru akulozera ku Ukraine ndi zosokoneza poyesa kujambula Ukraine ndi akuluakulu aboma la Ukraine ngati oyambitsa ubale wa Russia-Ukraine,” adatero. State Department ikulemba. “Russia imadzudzula ena chifukwa chankhanza zake, koma ndi udindo wa Moscow kuthetsa vutoli mwamtendere pochepetsa komanso kukambirana.”

Pamene mkanganowo ukupitirira, n’kutheka kuti mikangano yokhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mkanganowu idzapitirirabe, pamene mbali zosiyanasiyana zikufuna kupititsa patsogolo zolinga zawo zakuti ndani amene ali woukira boma. Ndithudi Russia—yokhala ndi zambiri zoti itayike—idzatenga nawo mbali mozama kuyesera kukopa omvera padziko lonse lapansi kuti izo ziri zolondola.

Zowopsa zomwe zingakhalepo pankhondo yaku Russia ya cyber

Ngakhale zochitika zaposachedwa za cyber zadzetsa nkhawa yomveka, ena olemba ndemanga mwazindikira kuti kuukira izi kwenikweni mwachilungamo wofatsa pafupi ndi zomwe munthu angayembekezere mumkhalidwewu. Zowonadi, ngati Russia ikufunadi kuyambitsa zoyipa, ili ndi zida zowombera moto zomwe zili nazo.

John Hultquist, Wachiwiri kwa Wachiwiri kwa ziwopsezo zanzeru ndi kampani yachitetezo ya Mandiant, analemba m’mabulogu Lachinayi kuti zochitika za cyber ku Ukraine zitha kuipiraipira – ndikuti akuyembekeza kuti Russia ichita nawo ziwopsezo zingapo zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira pomwe mavuto azandale akukulirakulira.

“Russia ndi ogwirizana nawo azichita ukazitape wa cyber, ntchito zazidziwitso, komanso ziwopsezo zapaintaneti panthawi yamavuto awa,” Hultquist. analemba. “Ngakhale kuti ukazitape wa cyber ndi gawo la zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, momwe zinthu zikuipiraipira, titha kukumana ndi zidziwitso zankhanza komanso kusokoneza ziwonetsero zapa intaneti mkati ndi kunja kwa Ukraine.”

Zowonadi, Russia idagunda kwambiri ku Ukraine m’mbuyomu. Zambiri Limbikirani. Mu 2015, Russia hackers akuti inalepheretsa magetsi a dzikolo—ntchito yolimba mtima, yosayerekezeka yomwe inatsogolera ku mdima mu likulu la Ukraine la Kyiv. Obera adalanda machitidwe a SCADA, kusokoneza zomangamanga za IT, ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yaumbanda kuzimitsa magetsi patali – zomwe zimabweretsa mdima wa maola ambiri kwa anthu pafupifupi 230,000. A 2016 kutsekedwa imanenedwanso kuti idachitika chifukwa cha kuthyolako kofananako.

Chiwonetsero chochititsa mantha chimenecho chikuganiziridwa kuti chinali ntchito ya Sandworm-Gulu lowononga kwambiri ku Russia, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti “Unit 74455.” Akuti gululi lili ndi zigawenga zanzeru zaku Russia, gululi akukhulupirira kuti ndilomwe limayambitsa zowonongazo. NotPetya attack-Kampeni yaumbanda ya 2017 yomwe idakhudza mayiko padziko lonse lapansi koma idawononga kwambiri Ukraine. Kuukira, amene amaganiziridwa kuti zawononga ndalama zokwana madola 10 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, zawononga ndalama za Ukraine panthawi yomweyi. kulimbana ndi zigawenga zodzipatula kugwirizana ndi Kremlin. Russia idaimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha chiwembucho, ngakhale wakana milandu.

Mfundo ndi iyi: Russia ili ndi mphamvu yowononga Ukraine ndi wina aliyense, ngati angasankhe. Chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndikuti kuthekera kokhazikika kwa intaneti mdziko muno kumatha kubweretsa mikangano yayikulu ndi mayiko ena. Makamaka, Purezidenti Joe Biden posachedwapa ananena kuti US adzayankha ndi ntchito zake za cyber ngati dziko la Ukraine likupitilizabe kuyang’aniridwa – zomwe zitha kusokoneza omwe akuwononga Russia. Poganizira zonse zomwe zili pachiwopsezo, tingoyembekeza kuti aliyense atha kukhala osasunthika ndikupewa kusuntha kwadzidzidzi – ndipo mwina zonsezi zitha kukhala mkati mwanzeru zama diplomacy. Izo zingakhale zabwino, mulimonse.

Nkhani yapitayi inanena kuti George HW Bush adalonjeza kuti sadzawonjezera NATO. Anali mlembi wake wa boma, James Baker, yemwe adalonjeza.