Katemera wa Coronavirus Wotsutsana Pakati pa Asayansi Ndi Boma

Kukumana ndi katemera wochedwa pang’onopang’ono MATENDA A COVID-19 imfa, komanso kuwopseza kuti kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kakufalikira mdziko lonse, asayansi ena akufuna kuti katemera wa katemera adulidwe pakati kapena kuchedwetsedwa poyesetsa mwachangu kuti awombere anthu ambiri momwe angathere. Koma asayansi ena ndi owongolera aku US akukankhira kumbuyo, kuda nkhawa kuti kusintha kwa ndondomekoyi kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa.

Kusamvana kwakukulu kumeneku kumatsutsana ndi akatswiri motsutsana ndi akatswiri, monganso momwe aku America oyamba kupatsidwa katemera wa COVID-19 amayamba kulandira kuwombera kwawo kwachiwiri.

Palibe amene akudziwa motsimikiza kuti mankhwala amodzi adzagwira ntchito bwanji, kapena kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji, popeza mayesero azachipatala adakhazikitsidwa kuti ayesere dongosolo la magawo awiri. Ndipo choyipitsitsa, pali mantha kuti kupatsa anthu chitetezo chokhacho kungapangitse mwayi wa kachilombo komwe kamasintha kukana zotsatira za katemera.

Komabe, asayansi ena akuti mikhalidwe ikufuna kuchitapo kanthu modabwitsa. “Pankhani ya COVID-19, tikumenyedwa pakamwa mobwerezabwereza. Yakwana nthawi yosintha mapulani, ”a Ashish Jha aku University ya Brown komanso a Bob Wachter aku University of California, San Francisco, ku mkonzi wa Washington Post Lamlungu, kuyitanira katemerayu kuti aperekedwe kwa anthu ambiri momwe angathere ndikuchedwetsa kuwombera kwachiwiri mpaka atamwa mankhwala ambiri.

Mkulu wa Food and Drug Administration a Stephen Hahn komanso oyang’anira katemera wa bungwe la a Peter Marks adakana kusintha kulikonse pakadali pano mu mawu anatulutsidwa Lolemba madzulo, akuti, “pakadali pano, kunena kuti kusintha kwa katemera wololedwa wa FDA kapena ndandanda za katemerayu sizinachitike msanga ndipo sizimazikidwa molimba muumboni womwe ulipo.”

Katemera awiri, imodzi yopangidwa ndi Pfizer ndipo inayo ndi Moderna, adaloledwa mwezi watha kuti agwiritse ntchito mwadzidzidzi ku US. Mayesero akulu azachipatala adapeza kuti miyezo iwiri inali yoteteza kwambiri kwa miyezi motsutsana ndi COVID-19 atapatsidwa milungu itatu kapena inayi kupatukana. Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa matenda a COVID-19 pakati pa omwe atenga nawo mbali pazomwe zikuchitika sizikutanthauza kusintha ndondomekoyi, atero a Hahn and Marks a FDA. Infectious Diseases Society of America idathandizira mawu a FDA Lachiwiri, ndikuyitanitsa kusintha kwakanthawi “asanakwane komanso atha kuvulaza. ”

“Zoyeserera zamankhwala zidapangidwa kuti zizipatsa magawo awiri pa nthawi yake pazifukwa. Izi ndiye zomwe tili nazo, “atero a University of California, San Francisco, katswiri wa katemera Joel Ernst. “Ndikuganiza kuti bungweli [FDA] ikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito pazokambirana zosangalatsa komanso zothandiza, zomwe ifenso tiyenera kukhala nazo. ”

Komiti Yothandizana ndi Katemera ndi Katemera ku United Kingdom (JCVI) idathetsa mkanganowu sabata yatha ndi kutambasula nthawi katemera wachiwiri wa katemera wa Pfizer mpaka miyezi itatu, panthawi yomwe 1 mwa 30 Londoners akuganiza kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka coronavirus. Chodabwitsa kwambiri, komitiyi inanena kuti pangozi, mlingo wachiwiri wa katemera wina ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati woyamba kuwombera sanapezeke, kapena ngati sizikudziwika kuti ndi katemera uti woyamba kuperekedwa. Bungwe la Britain for Immunology monyinyirika adathandizira kusintha kwa nthawi, kutchula umboni wosonyeza kuti kusiyanasiyana kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda ndi komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zambiri nthawi zina.

“Zomwe zikuchitika ku UK zikuwonetsa zomwe zikuchitika mwachangu kumeneko,” anatero a Natalie Dean a University of Florida. “Sindingathe kuwona US ikupanga kusintha koteroko popanda njira zowonekera ku FDA ndi CDC zomwe zidapangitsa kuti katemera avomerezedwe poyamba.”

Pulogalamu ya B.1.1.7 mtundu wa coronavirus, yoyamba kuzindikiridwa ku UK, imasokoneza kuwerengera kuti ndi anthu angati omwe akufunikira katemera, chifukwa ndiwotheka kwambiri. Tsopano tawona m’maiko opitilira 30, “ku US, tiyenera kuganiza kuti kusiyanasiyana kwatha,” atero a Dean. Ngakhale pakadali pano adangopezeka mu zigawo zinayi, kuyang’aniridwa koyipa ku US kumatanthauza kuti ndizofala kuposa momwe tikudziwira pano. Ngakhale zili zofala, siziyenera kusintha masamu pakadali pano potsatira njira za katemera, Dean adati.

M’miyezi ikubwerayi, tidziwa bwino kuchokera ku katemera ma antibodies ndi chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe chimateteza ku matenda, adanenanso. “Tikakhala ndi zotetezera, ndiye kuti tikhoza kukhala otsimikiza za kusintha kulikonse kwa dosing.”

Pfizer ndi Moderna onse adatumiza lipoti la BuzzFeed News Lolemba lothandizira pulogalamu yachiwiri ya FDA yomwe idavomereza. “Pomwe zisankho pamankhwala ena opatsirana zimakhala ndi azachipatala, Pfizer amakhulupirira kuti ndikofunikira kuyang’anira ntchito iliyonse yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti wolandirayo apatsidwa chitetezo chokwanira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti adzalandira katemera wambiri,” adatero. mawu a Pfizer. Gulu la akatswiri pa World Health Organisation Lachiwiri adathandizira dongosolo la Pfizer, koma adati munthawi zosiyana, mlingo wachiwiri ukhoza kuperekedwa mpaka milungu isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake.

Ku US, panthawiyi, wasayansi wamkulu wa Operation Warp Speed ​​a Moncef Slaoui adapereka lingaliro Lamlungu loti apatse anthu awiri theka la katemera wa Moderna kutambasula katundu. Bungwe la US National Institutes of Health lidatsimikiza kuti theka-mlingo lingaliro lidali kuphunzira Lachiwiri, a Nyuzipepala ya New York Times inanena. A Slaoui adalimbikitsa kutambasula katundu, komabe, zidadabwitsa akatswiri ena, monga ake Katemera $ 18 biliyoni mgwirizano wapagulu ndi anthu wamba, wodziwika bwino chifukwa chofulumira kupanga katemera, wawomberedwa chifukwa chosakwaniritsa lonjezo lakelo Kuwombera miliyoni 20 kwaperekedwa pakutha kwa chaka. Adangopulumutsa 17 miliyoni, ndipo kuwombera kudaperekedwa kwa anthu opitilira 5 miliyoni kuyambira Lachitatu.

Anthu ena azaumoyo, monga Jha ndi Wachter, apempha United States kuti ilowe nawo ku UK kutambasula kuwombera kwachiwiri. Koma m’mawu ake Lolemba usiku, a FDA adanenanso kuti mfundozi zidakokomeza kutsimikizika kwakuti kudali kotheka atawombera kamodzi.

“Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti katemera aliyense ndi wosiyana, ndipo sitikudziwa zonse,” adatero Ernst, kuti achenjere. “Tikadadziwa zonse, tikadakhala ndi katemera wa HIV zaka 30 zapitazo.”

Kwa wopanga miliri a Marc Lipsitch aku THvard School of Public Health ku Harvard, udindo wa FDA ukuwonetsa udindo wawo monga mlonda wapachipatala waku US wazithandizo zatsopano.

“FDA ndiwowongolera. Sikuti, makamaka, ndi bungwe la zaumoyo – ntchito yawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zomwe timadzilowetsa tokha ndikumwa mapiritsi ndi zowonjezerapo ndi zina zilizonse zomwe zimalengezedwa kuti zikuchita. Ndipo mopapatiza, akunena zoona, ”adatero pamsonkhano wachiwiri Lachiwiri.

“Ndi nkhani yosangalatsa kumene sayansi monga owongolera amawona, ndipo sayansi monga thanzi la anthu monse imawona, itha kukhala yosiyana,” adatero Lipsitch.

Chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu chomwe akatswiri ambiri ali nacho ndi malingaliro osintha ndandanda ya Mlingo waku US ndikuti mayiko sangawoneke ngati akulowetsa mankhwala omwe atumizidwa kale. Kutulutsa katemera kwathunthu kwachedwa pang’onopang’ono kuposa kutsatsa, ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kuchokera kumayiko ena.

“Izi zikuwombera mpira pa bwalo limodzi,” atero a Angela Rasmussen wa virologist ku Georgetown Center for Global Health Science and Security. “Chifukwa chiyani tikunena zakusinthana ndi njira zowonongera mphamvu pomwe – ndikapeza kuti tili ndi katemera wochepa – pomwe sitingathe kupereka zomwe tili nazo m’manja mwa anthu?”

Kuyeza kwa katemera kwasokonekera kwakanthawi kwa miyezi motere, kuyambira ndikutsitsa kwa OWS malonjezo oyambilira a Mlingo 300 miliyoni pofika Januware, kuyerekezera atasiyidwa mwakachetechete mu Ogasiti.

“Iwo ali kumbuyo, mwa kulingalira kwawo, ali kumbuyo,” anatero a Georges Benjamin, director director a American Public Health Association. “Chowonadi cha nkhaniyi nthawi zonse timayembekezera kuti ena agwedezeka, awa ndi katemera wovuta. Koma zonsezi zikulozera ife tifunika kupita patsogolo mwachangu kwambiri popereka kuwombera. “

Ndi mabiliyoni awonjezeredwa mu posachedwapa adapereka ndalama, ndi omwe adzaitanidwe mtsogolo ndi oyang’anira omwe akubwera a Biden, US ikuyenera kupita kukapereka katemera miliyoni 2 mpaka 3 miliyoni patsiku, adawonjezera a Benjamin, kuti athetse mliriwu. Kutsutsana pamalingaliro am’malo m’malo molembetsa madotolo opuma pantchito, madokotala a mano, ndi aliyense amene angawombere kuti atulutse milingo yomwe yayimikidwa m’mashelufu pompano.

“Cholinga ndi chiyani? Cholinga ndikuthetsa mliriwu. Tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonse zomwe tili nazo kuti tithane ndi mliriwu. ”

Kulephera kwa Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku US kuyenera Kutulutsa katemera ndalama kunena mpaka sabata yatha – limodzi ndi mkuntho komanso nyengo ya tchuthi – kulepheretsa katemera kuchipatala komwe kuli kale manambala akuluakulu a COVID-19, a Jim Blumenstock a Association of State and Territorial Health Officers adauza BuzzFeed News. “Kumapeto kwa tsikuli, njira zathu zosamalirira zaumoyo zimapangitsa zonsezi kukhala zovuta kwambiri,” adatero. “Boma likufuna udindo waukulu.”

Gawo loyamba la katemera, lomwe limachitikira m’malo azachipatala akulu ndi nyumba zosungira anthu okalamba, sikuti katemera wambiri amayenera kuchitika miyezi ingapo kuchokera pano. Chakumapeto kwa Lachiwiri, oyang’anira a Trump adati akuchulukitsa dongosolo yambani kupereka katemera wa katemera m’masitolo. Cholinga chake ndikutsatira momwe kuphulika kwa chimfine kumaperekedwa, ndi maofesi a adotolo, madotolo a ana, komanso malo azamalonda omwe amapereka katemera. Pakadali pano nyengo ino, ena Kuwombera chimfine miliyoni 71 zapatsidwa kwa akulu akulu aku US m’masabata 15, ndikuwombera zoposa 8 miliyoni m’masabata angapo, manambala ochepa atayamba. Pakugwa, a CDC a Amanda Cohn anachenjeza mamembala a gulu lawo lothandizira katemera kuti milungu isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ya katemera wa COVID-19 nawonso adzalembedwa ndi ziwombankhanga zochepa asanawonjezeke.

“Ngati tionanso patatha milungu itatu, zokambirana zathu zokhudzana ndi katemera zitha kukhala zosiyana,” adatero Blumenstock. Slaoui wayerekezera kampeni yakuteteza katemera wa COVID-19 ndi fuluwenza wapachaka, yemwe wakula ndi atatu kapena anayi.

Koma zikumveka zabwino, a Walter Orenstein a University ya Emory, director wakale wa US National Immunization Program, adauza BuzzFeed News. Katemera wa chimfine, pomwe anthu amadziwa zomwe akupeza, ndizosavuta kuposa katemera wa COVID-19, adatero. Kuwombera kwa chimfine ndiwombera umodzi wokha, popanda zofunikira zingapo zozizira, zambiri zomwe zimafunikira chilolezo, ndikukonzekera zolimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimawonedwa ndi katemera wa COVID-19 womwe tili nawo pano. “Sitinakhalepo ndi vuto ngati ili,” adatero Orenstein, ngakhale poyerekeza ndi kuthamangitsidwa mwachangu kwa a Katemera wa chimfine H1N1 mu 2009. “Katemera samadzipatsa okha. Vuto lalikulu pano ndikuti anthu azigwirira ntchito limodzi. ”

Chowopseza chenicheni chakuchepa kwa ziwopsezo zakuwombera ndikuwonetsa kukwera kwa katemera ndikuti kudalira anthu katemera kumatha, atero katswiri wazolumikizana ndi azaumoyo a Michelle Driedger aku University of Manitoba ku Canada. M’magulu owunika chaka chino, wapeza mantha ambiri pakumwa katemera watsopano. Kutulutsa kwa Canada kumayendetsedwa ngati ku US, pomwe boma limagawira magawo kumadera, omwe amasankha momwe angagawire kuwombera kwawo.

“Ndikuganiza kuti mawu a FDA anali omveka bwino komanso ogwira mtima, uthenga wabwino wathanzi,” adatero. “Ndikuganiza pagulu tikufunika kumvetsetsa kuti mabungwe akuchita khama.”

Stephanie M. Lee adapereka malipoti pankhaniyi.